ABSTRACT
El propósito principal de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre deseabilidad social (DS), el trastorno de conducta (TC) y el callo emocional (CE). En él participaron 150 adolescentes, entre los 13 y los 17 años (47% mujeres y 53% hombres), y se formaron dos grupos (con y sin probable TC). Se aplicó la escala de necesidad de aprobación social (ENAS), el cuestionario de detección del trastorno de conducta (CDTC), y el inventario de rasgos de insensibilidad emocional (IRIE). Se observó que el nivel de DS total resultó significativamente más bajo en el grupo con probable TC; también, una relación negativa baja entre la puntuación total del ENAS y las puntuaciones del CDTC, y negativas y moderadas con el IRIE. En conclusión se observó una relación negativa, aunque baja, entre la DS y el TC, y entre moderada y negativa con el CE. Las relaciones entre variables se modificaron en función de la edad y el género.
The main purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between social desirability (SD), conduct disorder (CD) and callous unemotional (CU).. A total of 150 adolescents between 13 and 17 years of age (47% female and 53% male) participated in the study, and two groups were formed (with and without probable CD). The Need for Social Approval Scale (ENAS), the Conduct Disorder Screening Questionnaire (CDTC), and the Emotional Insensitivity Trait Inventory (IRIE) were applied. It was observed that the level of total SD was significantly lower in the group with probable CT; also, a low negative relationship between the ENAS total score and the CDTC scores, and negative and moderate ones with the IRIE. In conclusion, a negative, albeit low, relationship was observed between SD and CT, and moderate to negative with CE. The relationships between variables were modified by age and gender.
O objetivo principal deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre a desejabilidade social (SD), desordem de conduta (CD) e calo emocional (EC). Envolveu 150 adolescentes de 13-17 anos (47% mulheres e 53% homens), e foram formados dois grupos (com e sem provável CD). Foram administradas a Escala de Aprovação Social (ENAS), o Questionário de Avaliação de Distúrbios de Conduta (CDTC) e o Inventário de Traços de Insensibilidade Emocional (IRIE). Foi observado que o nível de SD total era significativamente menor no grupo com provável CD; também, uma relação negativa baixa entre a pontuação total do ENAS e a pontuação do CDTC, e relações negativas e negativas moderadas com o IRIE. Em conclusão, houve uma relação negativa, embora baixa, entre SD e CT, e moderada a negativa com CE. As relações entre as variáveis foram modificadas por idade e sexo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Social Desirability , Conduct Disorder , Adolescent , MexicoABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the sex difference in the emotional processing of adolescents with elevated callous unemotional (CU) trait. Methods: A total of 770 middle school students completed the inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU). According to the prevalence of psychopathy in the general population, the top 5％ and the last 5％ of ICU scores were selected as higher and lower CU trait groups. Finally, 33 students in each group participated in the experiment, including 27 males and 39 females. In the facial expression recognition task, the participants were presented with happy, neutral, sad and fear facial expressions and were asked to identify these four facial expressions. Accuracy and response time were recorded as dependent variables and were analyzed by repeated ANOVA. Results: The accuracy of males was lower than that of females [ (73. 3 ± 22. 1) ％ vs. (81. 6 ± 16. 2) ％, P ＜ 0. 05] and the response time of males was shorter than that of females [ (850 ± 236) ms vs. (939 ± 158) ms, P ＜ 0. 05]. Moreover, when identifying fear emotions, compared to lower CU trait males, the males with higher CU trait had lower accuracy [ (60. 4 ± 24. 6) ％vs. (86. 0 ± 10. 1) ％, P ＜ 0. 01], whereas the difference of the response time between the males with higher and lower CU trait was not significant. While between higher and lower CU trait females, the accuracy and response time were not significantly different. When identifying other emotions, there was no significant difference in the accuracy and response time between higher and lower CU trait groups of both males and females. Conclusion: The higher callous unemotional trait adolescent males may display deficits in processing fear emotions, but adolescent females with higher callous unemotional trait can accurately recognize fear emotion.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The bizygomatic width when compared to the bigonial width (WD) has been proposed as a craniofacial marker of some social and personality traits, such us self-reliance or the ability to express emotions. However, no studies have examined the association between WD and psychopathic traits, as happens with other craniofacial variables such us the facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR). In a sample of 70 adults (male and female) we took measures of the bizygomatic and the bigonial arches. Subjects performed self-assessment tests to evaluate their self-reliance, their alexithymia and emotional expressiveness and their coldheartedness or callousunemotional. Results showed a significant relationship between WD and self-reliance, emotional expression and alexithymia, and a tendency towards significance with general psychopathic scores. Additionally, we found a modificatory effect of the variables sex and age when analyzing the influence of the WD on the Factor 3 - "Coldheartedness" of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R), where this effect diminished depending on the subject's sex and age. Results suggested that the WD seem to be a good marker to be taken into consideration in further research that examines craniofacial traits and personality traits of the socio-emotional field.
RESUMEN: La anchura bicigomática en comparación con la anchura bigonial (WD) se ha propuesto como marcador craneofacial de algunos rasgos sociales y de personalidad, como la independencia/gregarismo o la capacidad de expresión emocional. Sin embargo, ningún estudio ha examinado la asociación entre la WD y los rasgos psicopáticos, como ocurre con otras variables craneofaciales, como la ratio anchura / altura facial (fWHR). En una muestra de 70 adultos (hombres y mujeres) tomamos medidas de los arcos bizigomático y bigonial. Los sujetos realizaron pruebas de autoevaluación para evaluar la capacidad de incorporarse al grupo, la alexitimia y la expresividad emocional, y la frialdad o la insensibilidad emocional. Los resultados mostraron una relación significativa entre WD con independencia/gregarismo, expresión emocional y alexitimia, así como una tendencia hacia la significación con la psicopatía en general. Adicionalmente, encontramos un efecto modificador de las variables sexo y edad al analizar la influencia de la WD en el Factor 3 - "Coldheartness" del Inventario de Personalidad Psicopática-Revisado (PPI-R), donde este efecto disminuye según sexo y edad. Los resultados sugieren que el WD parece ser un buen marcador para tener en cuenta en futuras investigaciones que examinen los rasgos craneofaciales y los rasgos de personalidad del campo socioemocional.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Personality , Zygoma/anatomy & histology , Affective Symptoms , Facial Bones/anatomy & histology , Antisocial Personality DisorderABSTRACT
Objective: Most studies on conduct disorder (CD) have focused on male adolescents, disregarding analysis of this psychopathology in women. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in empathy and theory of mind (ToM) in a group of adolescent women with CD and a control group. Method: Thirty-six adolescent women were selected from an initial sample of 239 adolescents (CD group = 18, control group = 18). Empathy and ToM were evaluated through objective instruments. Mean comparisons and multivariate analysis were performed to ascertain differences between cases and controls and to propose a prediction model based on clinical status. Results: Significant differences in empathic abilities and ToM were found between the groups. The model that differentiated both groups was composed of eye-reading ability, perspective taking, and personal distress. Conclusion: These findings are consistent with previous studies. Capacity to take the other's perspective and the recognition of emotions in the face are protective factors against CD in women.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Conduct Disorder/psychology , Empathy , Theory of Mind , Case-Control Studies , Conduct Disorder/physiopathology , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
Traços de insensibilidade (callous) e afetividade restrita (unemotional) estão associados à característica essencial de comportamento antissocial na infância e adolescência. O Inventory of callous-unemotional traits (ICU), traduzido como Inventário de traços de insensibilidade e afetividade restrita, é um instrumento de autorrelato, com 24 itens, que mensura esses traços. No entanto, o ICU ainda não foi adaptado para o português falado no Brasil. O presente estudo tem por objetivo realizar a adaptação transcultural do ICU e verificar as evidências de validação psicométricas para adolescentes brasileiros. O estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira, de tradução, retradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e avaliação da clareza, da versão pré-final traduzida; e a segunda, a avaliação das evidências das seguintes propriedades psicométricas da versão final: validade de constructo, por meio da análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) e exploratória (AFE); consistência interna via confiabilidade intra e interavaliadores; e validade de convergência através da correlação com o Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades versão criança (SDQ-C). A amostra foi composta por adolescentes, entre 10 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, matriculados em quatro escolas da rede pública de ensino fundamental. A AFC foi embasada em oito modelos de estrutura fatorial, conforme estudos prévios de validação do ICU. O instrumento foi aplicado novamente em 40 alunos sorteados, com intervalo de 15 dias, para verificar a confiabilidade intra-avaliadores (teste-reteste). O constructo, conforme foi determinado após as evidências de validação, poderá favorecer a detecção precoce de características psicopatológicas em adolescentes brasileiros e contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas no tema.
Callous and unemotional traits are associated with the essential characteristics of antisocial behavior in infancy and adolescence. The Inventory of Callous-unemotional traits (ICU) is a self-report instrument, with 24 items that measure those traits. However, ICUhas not being adapted for brazilian portuguese yet. The aim of this study is to perform cross-cultural adaptation of the ICU and verify the psychometric evidences for Brazilian adolescents. This study was divided in two stages: the first part in translation, back translation, consideration of the committee of experts and clarity evaluation, of the prefinal translated version. The second stage is evidence evaluations of the following psychometric propriety of the final version: construct validity throughout confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor a nalysis (EFA); internal consistency via inter and intra-rater reliability; and convergence validation through the correlation with the Strengths and Difficulty Questionnairechild version (SDQ-C).The sample was made up of teenagers between 10 and 17 years old, both sex, enrolled in four public primary schools. The CFA was based in eight factor structure models, according to previous studies of ICU validation. The instrument was applied again in 40 students randomly selected, with an interval of 15 days to verify intra-rater reliability (test-retest). The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAEE nº 19651113.5.0000.5338). After the committees considerations and the approval of ICUs author, 40 students evaluated the clarity of the pre-final version and adapted the terms that were less comprehensible, concluding then the cross-cultural adaptation step. The final version of ICU was applied in 1307 students, being 673(51,5%) male...